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Apoptotic Effect of Co-Treatment with Valproic Acid and HS-1200 on Human Osteosarcoma Cells

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±è´öÇÑ ( Kim Duk-Han ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
À̱âÇö ( Lee Kee-Hyun ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
±èÀηɠ( Kim In-Ryoung ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
°ûÇöÈ£ ( Kwak Hyun-Ho ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
¹ÚºÀ¼ö ( Park Bong-Soo ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
Á¤¼ºÈñ ( Jeong Sung-Hee ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
°í¸í¿¬ ( Ko Myung-Yun ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­ÇغÎÇб³½Ç
¾È¿ë¿ì ( An Yong-U ) - ºÎ»ê´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°úÇб³½Ç

Abstract

Valproic acid(VPA)´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø Ç×°æ·ÃÁ¦·Î¼­, 30³â µ¿¾È °£ÁúÄ¡·áÁ¦·Î¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ¾îÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. VPA´Â 1997³â¿¡ ÃÖÃÊ·Î ¿ø½Ã ½Å°æ¿Ü¹è¿±¼º ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Áõ½Ä ¾ïÁ¦¿Í ºÐÈ­¸¦ À¯µµÇÏ´Â Ç×¾ÏÁ¦ÀÇ È¿´ÉÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. ±×¸®°í VPAÀÇ Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú´Â È÷½ºÅæÅ» ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿È­È¿¼Ò¾ïÁ¦Á¦ÀÇ ±âÀü¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ´Ù°í ±Ô¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ´ãÁó»ê°ú ÇÕ¼º´ãÁó»êÀ¯µµÃ¼°¡ ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç (apoptosis)¸¦ À¯µµÇϸç, Ç×¾ÏÈ¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÕ¼º chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) À¯µµÃ¼°¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¾Ï¼¼ Æ÷¿¡ À¯µµÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾îÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â È÷½ºÅæÅ»¾Æ¼¼Æ¿È­È¿¼Ò¾ïÁ¦Á¦ÀÎ VPA¿Í ÇÕ¼º CDCA À¯µµÃ¼ÀÎ HS-1200ÀÇ º´¿ë󸮰¡ »ç¶÷°ñÀ°Á¾¼¼Æ÷¿¡ È¿°úÀûÀÎ »ó½Â ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë±â À§Çؼ­ ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù.
VPA°ú HS-1200ÀÇ º´¿ë󸮰¡ ´Üµ¶Ã³¸®¿¡ ºñÇؼ­ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ¼¼Æ÷»ýÁ¸À² °¨¼Ò°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ trypan-blue¹ýÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´°í, ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»çÀÇ À¯µµ¿Í Áõ°¡¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ Hoechst ¿°»ö¹ý, flow cytometry(DNA hypoploidy¿Í MMP ÃøÁ¤), Western bot ºÐ¼®¹ý ±×¸®°í, ¸é¿ªÇü±¤¿°»ö¹ýÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù.
º´¿ëó¸® µÈ »ç¶÷°ñÀ°Á¾¼¼Æ÷´Â ´Üµ¶Ã³¸® µÈ »ç¶÷°ñÀ°Á¾¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ °ÅÀÇ °üÂûÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø ¸¹Àº ÇÙ ÀÀÃà, DNA Á¶°¢³², »ç¸³Ã¼¸· ÀüÀ§¿Í DNA ¾çÀÇ °¨¼Ò, cytochrome cÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷Áú·ÎÀÇ À¯¸®, AIFÀÇ ÇÙÀ¸·ÎÀÇ À̵¿, caspase-7, caspase-3 ±×¸®°í PARPÀÇ Æı«¿Í °°Àº ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç Áõ°Å¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù.
48½Ã°£ µ¿¾È 1 mMÀÇ VPA¿Í 25 ¥ìM HS-1200À» °¢±â ´Üµ¶Ã³¸® ÇÑ °á°ú¿¡¼­´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»ç¸¦ À¯µµ ¸øÇßÀ¸³ª, º´¿ëó¸®ÇÑ °á°ú¿¡´Â ¾ÆÁÖ Å¹¿ùÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÚ¸ê»çÀÇ À¯µµ¸¦ º¸¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º´¿ëó¸® °á°ú´Â »ç¶÷°ñÀ°Á¾ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î Ä¡·áÀû Àü·«À¸·Î ÀÀ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.

Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-known anticonvulsive agent and has been used in the treatment of epilepsy for almost 30 years. VPA emerged in 1997 as an antineoplastic agent as well, when findings indicated the substance inhibited proliferation and induced differentiation of primitive neuroectocdermal tumor cells in vivo (Cinatl et al., 1997). Antitmor activity of VPA is associated with its targeting histone deacetylases. Bile acids and their synthetic derivatives induced apoptosis in various kinds of cancer cells and anticancer effects. It has been reported that the synthetic chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) derivatives showed apoptosis-inducing activity on various cancer cells in vitro. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic apoptotic effect of co-treatment with the histone deacetylases inhibitor, VPA and a CDCA derivative, HS-1200 on human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells.
Cell viability was evaluated by trypan-blue exclusion. Induction and augmentation of apoptosis were confirmed by Hoechst staining, flow cytometry (DNA hypoploidy and MMP change), Westen blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining.
In this study, HOS cells co-treated with VPA and HS-1200 showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation such as nuclear condensations, the reduction of MMP, the decrease of DNA content, the release of cytochrome c into cytosol, the translocation of AIF onto nuclei, and activation of caspase-7, caspase-3 and PARP whereas each single treated HOS cells did not. Although the single treatment of 1 mM VPA or 25 ¥ìM HS-1200 for 48 h did not induce apoptosis, the co-treatment of them induced prominently apoptosis. Therefore our data provide the possibility that combination therapy of VPA and HS-1200 could be considered as a novel therapeutic strategy for human osteosarcoma.

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Apoptosis; Valproic acid; HS-1200; Human osteosarcoma

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